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NFPA 70 2023: What You Need to Know

If you are involved in any aspect of electrical design, installation, or inspection, you need to be familiar with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC), which is the benchmark for safe electrical practices in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. The NEC is updated every three years by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to reflect the latest advances and challenges in electrical technology. The most recent edition of the NEC is 2023, which was issued by the NFPA Standards Council on September 1, 2022. The 2023 NEC contains several important changes and new requirements that aim to enhance electrical safety and address emerging electrical issues in an ever-changing, fast-paced world. In this article, we will provide an overview of what you need to know about the 2023 NEC, including its main changes, benefits, adoption, and enforcement.

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Changes to the 2023 NEC

The 2023 NEC features hundreds of revisions that cover a wide range of topics related to electrical safety. Some of these revisions are minor clarifications or editorial changes, while others are significant modifications or additions that introduce new concepts or technologies. Here are some of the key changes that you should be aware of:

• GFCIs and AFCIs: The 2023 NEC expands the requirements for ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) and arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs), which are devices that protect against electric shock and fire hazards caused by ground faults or arc faults. For example, GFCIs are now required for all outdoor outlets in dwelling units, regardless of whether they are readily accessible or not. AFCIs are now required for all branch circuits that supply outlets or devices in dwelling units, except for those that supply fire alarm systems or certain appliances.

• Cybersecurity for network-connected life safety equipment: The 2023 NEC introduces a new requirement for cybersecurity measures for network-connected life safety equipment, such as fire alarm systems, emergency communication systems, or smoke control systems. These measures include encryption, authentication, access control, monitoring, and testing to prevent unauthorized access or interference with these critical systems.

• Electrical installations for cannabis oil facilities: The 2023 NEC recognizes cannabis oil facilities as a new type of hazardous location where flammable gases or vapors may be present due to the extraction or processing of cannabis oil. The 2023 NEC provides specific requirements for the wiring methods, equipment, and protection devices that must be used in these facilities to prevent ignition or explosion.

• Wireless power transfer of electric vehicles: The 2023 NEC addresses a new technology that allows electric vehicles to be charged wirelessly without a physical connection to a power source. The 2023 NEC defines wireless power transfer equipment and establishes the installation and safety requirements for these systems, such as clearances, markings, grounding, and protection.

• Installation of PV arrays on bodies of water: The 2023 NEC recognizes the growing trend of installing photovoltaic (PV) arrays on bodies of water, such as lakes, ponds, or reservoirs. These floating PV systems offer several benefits, such as reducing water evaporation, increasing energy efficiency, and saving land space. The 2023 NEC provides specific requirements for the installation and grounding of these systems, as well as the safety measures to prevent electric shock or drowning hazards.

• Installation of Class 4 fault-managed power: The 2023 NEC introduces a new class of power distribution systems that can manage and isolate faults within the system without interrupting the power supply to other loads. Class 4 fault-managed power systems are intended for applications where continuity of service is essential, such as data centers, hospitals, or critical infrastructure. The 2023 NEC defines the characteristics and requirements for these systems, such as voltage levels, fault detection and isolation methods, and protection devices.

Benefits of the 2023 NEC

The 2023 NEC is not only a set of rules and regulations, but also a valuable resource that can help you improve your electrical safety and performance. The 2023 NEC offers several benefits for different stakeholders, such as:

• Enhancing electrical safety: The 2023 NEC incorporates the latest research and best practices to prevent electrical hazards and protect people and property from electric shock, fire, arc flash, and explosion. The 2023 NEC also addresses new and emerging electrical issues that pose potential risks, such as cybersecurity threats, cannabis oil extraction, wireless power transfer, and floating PV systems.

• Addressing emerging electrical issues: The 2023 NEC reflects the rapid changes and innovations in electrical technology and applications that are transforming the world. The 2023 NEC covers topics such as renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, microgrids, electric vehicles, smart buildings, and more. The 2023 NEC also provides guidance on how to integrate these new technologies with existing electrical systems and infrastructure.

• Using NFPA LiNK: The 2023 NEC is available on NFPA LiNK, a digital platform that delivers all NFPA codes and standards in an interactive and dynamic format. NFPA LiNK allows you to access the 2023 NEC anytime, anywhere, on any device. You can also search, bookmark, annotate, share, and collaborate with other users on the platform. NFPA LiNK also provides additional features and content that enhance your understanding and application of the 2023 NEC, such as explanatory videos, diagrams, calculators, checklists, FAQs, and more.

• Helping professionals in different sectors and scenarios: The 2023 NEC can help you achieve your goals and solve your problems in various situations and contexts. Whether you are an electrician, engineer, contractor, inspector, designer, or educator, the 2023 NEC can help you perform your tasks and duties more efficiently and effectively. The 2023 NEC can also help you comply with the applicable codes and standards in your jurisdiction, as well as the requirements of your clients, customers, or employers.

Adoption and Enforcement of the 2023 NEC

The 2023 NEC is the national standard for electrical safety in the United States, but it is not a federal law. The adoption and enforcement of the 2023 NEC is determined by each state or local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Some states or AHJs adopt and enforce the 2023 NEC as soon as it is issued by the NFPA, while others may take longer or adopt a previous edition of the NEC. Some states or AHJs may also amend or modify the 2023 NEC to suit their specific needs or preferences.

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